Fact Friday: Freddo

Did you know that the Cadbury frog shaped chocolate Freddo was invented in 1930’s Australia?

Apprentice confectioner Harry Melbourne (just 18 at the time) suggested to his employer, MacRobertson’s (Melbourne, Southeast Australia) that perhaps a chocolate frog might be more enticing to women and children after the firm originally set out to create a mouse shaped sweet, riding on the popularity of Mickey Mouse, who first appeared in 1927 (or so the legend goes).

Launched in 1930 at 1p a piece, Freddo Chocolate Frogs were molded into the shape of a real frog (not so much the anthropomorphic vision we have today), and apparently by 1941, there were twelve varieties on sale, including white chocolate and milk chocolate and peanuts.

1930’s Freddo Chocolate Frogs

The name Freddo, as well as being a good alliteration with the word ‘frog’, acquired his name after a packing operative at MacRobertson’s, Harry Melbourne’s friend Fred. Harry died in 2007, and never received any royalties for his creation, but apparently held no ill-will against the company, explaining that…

“Freddo was created out of love for the firm … we were just one big happy family at MacRobertson’s”

1960’s Freddo Chocolate Frogs

In 1967 Cadbury bought MacRobertsons and Freddo Frogs became part of the UK product line shortly after in 1973. They were certainly a staple of my childhood trips to the corner shop! 10p a frog? Go on then…

Fact Friday: The Hershey Home Guard

Did you know that during the First World War, the Hershey chocolate works in Pennsylvania, USA, created a Home Guard in order to protect the factory from German interference?

When America joined WWI in 1917, wild rumors apparently began to spread about the threat of the German’s tampering with the chocolate production at the Hershey factory – the US government had ordered two million milk chocolate bars to use in military rations. In response to the fears of German sabotage, the company set up its own ‘Home Guard’.

During both world wars (in Britain at least) Home Guard, or other similar voluntary groups, members were typically men who were too old, too young, or not medically fit for military service, and so these men volunteered to protect people and property locally at home. With very basic, or no military training, the Home Guard were often ill-equipped and unprepared for any real threat of invasion, but it was an important morale booster and gave a purpose to many who had felt they had been left behind.

An example of a WWII Home Guard company in civilian dress

Back in Hershey, a Snavely relative and colleague of Milton Hershey remarked that …

‘a finer squad of soldiers never before carried broom handles’

As they were not permitted to bear arms, brooms and farm equipment were the ‘weapons’ of choice to fend off any German invasion of the chocolate factory!

Luckily, these rumors turned out to be just that – a rumor.

* During the Second World War, my own great grandfather was initially part of a Home Guard troop in London, as he was too young to serve at the outbreak of war. I have been told that he, and his fellow soldiers, also used broom handles in the dark in order to fool any watching Germans that they had guns when protecting London banks and buildings!

Fact Friday: A Parrot & A Donkey (forgot to post last week!)

Did you know when Joseph Rowntree toured his brother’s confectionery factory at Tanner’s Moat, York, he found both a parrot and a donkey roaming the grounds?

By the 1860’s, Joseph could see that Henry’s attempts to run the family firm’s sweet factory had begun to run aground, and so he agreed to step in and help manage production. As Quakers it was imperative to business that they should not fall into debt or risk being ostracized from the religious community.

However, much to his surprise he found a parrot in the work room – which did nothing but squawk and distract the workers – and a donkey that refused to do any work! Instead it would stand next to the hot steam pipes around the buildings in order to stay warm.

Partners in crime…

Joseph implemented a variety of changes at the factory to enable better production and the manufacturer of better products, including their famous fruit pastilles.

Eventually the donkey was replaced by a handcart…but who knows what became of the chatty parrot?

Fact Friday: The Marquis de Sade

Did you know that the infamous Marquis de Sade, Donatien Alphonse François, loved chocolate so much, that he demanded that it be brought to him while serving time in prison for his explicit exploits?

Marquis de Sade 1740-1814

In May 1779, the French writer, philosopher , aristocrat and sexual deviant, wrote to his wife, Renée-Pelagie de Montreuil, that the rations she had previously sent to him were desperately lacking in chocolate; here he begins to list his frustrations, starting with the fact that…

“…the sponge cake is not at all what I asked for. 1st, I wanted it iced all over…2nd I wanted to have chocolate inside as black as the Devil’s arse is from smoke, and there isn’t even the least trace of chocolate. I beg you to have it sent to me at the first opportunity….”

As black as the Devil’s arse is from smoke – that’s how I’m going to refer to all dark chocolate from now on!

Is this demon’s arse chocolatey enough?

Sade was well known for his violent and ‘sadistic’ sexual practices, numerous affairs, violent temper and blasphemous attitude – it’s where we get the term ‘sadism’ today. He spent the last thirteen years of his life in an insane asylum…I wonder if he ever received the chocolate cake he wanted?

Fact Friday: Toffee Carrots

Did you know that toffee carrots were a war time ‘treat‘ during the 1940’s in Britain?

Due to rationing drastically reducing the sugar and sweet allowance for children (and adults), the people of war-ravaged Britain had to be resourceful and inventive with their food if they were to satisfy their sweet tooths.

Carrots were in such an abundance as they were not subject to rationing – plus people could readily grow them themselves – that recipes for toffee carrots, carrot fudge, carrot lollies and even a carrot drink called carrolade were all promoted as sweet substitutes!

No ices…but there’s always carrot on a stick!

Sometimes referred to as ‘Woolton’s Wonders’ (after the Minister of Food, Lord Woolton) carrot candy became one of Britain’s strangely adaptable inventions during the Kitchen Front.

The Ministry of Food even invented the character ‘Doctor Carrot’ to promote the added vitamin and health benefits of the sweet vegetable, and to utilize carrots in every meal.

War-time vegetable hero, Doctor Carrot

Fact Friday: Fox’s Glacier Mints Mascot

Did you know that Fox’s Glacier Mints used a real stuffed polar bear as its mascot for forty years?

A couple of Fox’s polar bears

‘Peppy’ (short for peppermint) the bear has been the mascot for the refreshing, ice-block-like mints since 1922. This name was given to both the illustration, that featured on the confection’s wrappers and advertising, and the the series of real stuffed polar bears that were used in marketing campaigns.

The first ‘real’ Peppy, was shot on order and preserved by a taxidermist in the early 1920’s, and was shown at public events – further bears were acquired and traveled for amusement and display until the 1960’s.

In 2003, one of the surviving Peppy’s was donated to the New Walk Museum & Art Gallery, Leicester, where the original Fox’s factory was established.

An illustrated Peppy, post 1960

Fact Friday: The Fry’s Boy

Did you know that the Fry’s Five Boy’s boy was a real person?

Fry’s ‘Five Boys’ advert showing the various stages of being chocolateless, to finally being satisfied with a piece of Fry’s.

Taken around 1886, Lindsey Poulton, was around 5 years old when he sat for these photographs taken by his father and grandfather for the Fry’s of Bristol campaign – Fry’s was one of Britain’s earliest chocolate-makers, established in 1761, and produced the world’s first ever chocolate bar in 1866 (Fry’s was bought as a subsidiary of Cadbury in 1935).

But look closely at those tears at the stage of ‘Desperation’ – he proved so hard to rattle during the photo-shoot that his grandfather wrapped an ammonia-soaked cloth around his neck in order to finally produce those convincing tears!

Neither Lindsey, or his family, received any royalties for this century-long campaign, but were paid £200 for the images.

A post 1935 Five Boys advert, still featuring Lindsey, but note how they changed his sailor suit to a striped shirt.

Adorned in a little sailor suit, Lindsey became the face of Fry’s chocolate at the beginning of the 21st century, and his image can still be seen on multipacks of assorted Fry’s Chocolate Cream bars today.

Fact Friday: Stollwerck Brothers 1983

Did you know that in 1983 at the World’s Columbian Exposition, Chicago, German chocolatiers created a replica of the iconic Germania statue made entirely out of chocolate?

Period advert for the Stollwerck Brother’s giant chocolate statue

The Stollwerck Brothers, from Cologne, used approximately 15 tonnes of chocolate to create a 38ft high pavilion. Its foundations were made of dark chocolate blocks, with columns being mixed with cocoa butter to resemble marble.

Its features included the statue of female personification of Germany, along with carved chocolate reliefs of famous figures such as Otto Von Bismarck and Kaiser Wilhem I, along with several teutonic eagles!

Period photo of the chocolate pavilion, housed in the Agricultural Building at the 1893 Exposition

Fact Friday: Radium Schokolade

Did you know that in the 1930’s you could buy radioactive chocolate?

German company Burk & Braun manufactured their ‘Radium Schokolade’ between 1931 and 1936, advertising it as a ‘rejuvenating‘ food. Before the scientists could grasp how terrifyingly dangerous radium was, people were keen to exploit this new wonder-stuff since its discovery in 1898 by Pierre and Marie Curie. Radium Schokolade was advertised with the tag line ‘Eat This & Feel Great’ as radium was believed to have powerful ‘life giving’ properties partly down to its mysterious glow.

Advert for Burk & Braun’s radium chocolate

British chemists dubbed products like this ‘suicide chocolate’ once all of radium’s properties were made gruesomely clear.

It didn’t stop with chocolate though, radium appeared in an array of household items and foods; including radioactive watches, toothpaste, lipstick, water, butter, bread and even suppositories…

Confectionery’s Dark History: Part 1

Sweets and chocolates often stir powerful nostalgic emotions within us…

…whether your own sweet history was molded by memories of spending your pocket money on a mix of penny sweets on the way home from school on a Friday afternoon; or your first Halloween where your parents would allow you to go trick-or-treating; or even the long awaited tin of mixed chocolate assortments, bought only at Christmas, and riffling through the selection before your brother nicked all the strawberry ones…there is no doubt that sweets were the currency of our childhood.

We give certain brand names, colours and flavours, personal attachments based on our own sentimentality forged as children. We innocently epitomize our sweet selections with pleasant recollections and cheerfully reminisce with friends about the sweets that we once shared. But as children, we are naive about the world around us. Some of the sweets we chose as children, we might now question as adults, or at least acknowledge, that the packaging and brand names we so fondly remember didn’t always have such innocent origins.

In this mini series of articles (of which I am still researching), I will highlight some of the more questionable, tasteless and down right racist beginnings and designs of some of our favorite confections and companies.

Some candies disappeared for being a terrible product, with the consumers voting with physical tastes rather than moral ones. Some have been long retired due to social protest. And some have re-branded themselves through the decades and have managed to reinvent themselves over several generations so that little to no evidence remains of their original dehumanizing designs.

Arguably some of these sweets are a ‘sign of the times’ in which they were manufactured, often reflecting the abhorrent attitudes to social inequality in communities and countries such as the USA and United Kingdom. Many were produced by companies whose 19th century foundations were rooted in slave-grown sugar imported from the colonies of European empires…

…Regardless of where/when these sweets were produced, or whether these sweets survived or eventually changed to shake off their culturally offensive graphics and slogans, it highlights how ingrained racial prejudices are as to be found in the most seemingly harmless of childhood things…sweets…

These racially insensitive products made by candy makers over the past 150 years have influenced our most innocent infantile choices, shaping popular and consumer culture and in some cases reflect social change.

This is not an expose on what chocolate firms ‘are’ or ‘were’ racist, to scorn whose wealth was born on the back of slave labor, or to criticize individuals for selecting a candy bar that once had an indecent name or image. This is to highlight just how embedded social inequality is within one aspect of ‘normal’ life, how it goes unnoticed in our childhoods, and even how our choices as consumers has, and will, make an positive impact for an equal future for all.

I don’t pretend to be a social historian, or a political writer, but like so many people I am enraged, disgusted, disheartened by the recent, and historic, systematic abuse of power aimed at black and ethnic minority communities worldwide. I know that no one act of mine will make much difference at this stage, or seem like the right one to everyone, but I acknowledge the need for change and to better educate myself, and so I start with a topic I know a little about, and hope to learn, engage and affect change. I will never understand…but I will stand with you.

Fact Friday: A Scandal at Ascot

Did you know that in 1979 at Ascot, the winning horse No Bombs was later disqualified when theobromine had been found in its system? Turns out his stable boy had fed him a Mars Bar before the race! And since both theobromine and caffine are stimulants, the award was null and void!

A Mars Bar certainly helped No Bombs play!